Recent questions and answers in Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Phase Transformations

The degrees of freedom of a system with $2$ components and $2$ phases in equilibrium is $\_\_\_\_$ (answer in integer).

Three phases, $\alpha, \beta$ and $\mathrm{L}$ are shown in the binary phase diagram below. Identify the correct $\mathrm{G-X}$ (Gibbs free energy vs Composition) plot co...

A stream of moist air at $101$ $\mathrm{kPa}$ and $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ undergoes a constant pressure process such that its dry bulb temperature increases and specific ...

Consider a single component fluid at saturation conditions having the following properties.Latent heat of vaporization, $h_{f g}=39.6 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm...

A rigid spherical solid ball at $1000^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is cooled slowly to $200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ in a surrounding air at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The density, speci...

A fuel with composition by mass is given as $78 \%$ carbon $(\mathrm{C}), 16 \%$ hydrogen $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2}\right)$, $3.2 \%$ sulphur $(\mathrm{S}), 1.6 \%$ oxygen $\...

​For $\mathrm{Al}-4.5 \mathrm{wt} \% \mathrm{Cu}$ alloy, the correct sequence of precipitation during age hardening at room temperature isGP zone $\rightarrow \theta^{\pr...

If solid tin is in equilibrium with its vapor, the degree of freedom is (answer in integer) $\_\_\_\_\_\_$

​​The triple point $\left(T_{l}, P_{l}\right)$ is shown in a schematic phase diagram (pressure $(\mathrm{P})-$ temperature $(\mathrm{T})$ plot) for one component system. ...

The $\textsf{TTT}$ diagram for eutectoid steel is shown below. The steel after complete austenitization at $1073 \: \mathrm{K}$ is rapidly cooled to different temperature...

Air at $101 \: \mathrm{kPa}$, $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $50 \%$ relative humidity is first heated to $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ in a heating coil, and then humidified by s...

The correct combination of phases in the one-component $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ phase diagram, as given below, is $\alpha$-water; $\beta$-vapour; $\gamma$-ice$\alpha-$...

Differential scanning calorimetry involves measurement ofweight changeentropyheatvapour pressure

A binary phase diagram is given below.Which one of the following figures qualitatively represents the $\text{G-X}$ $\text{(Gibbs free energy - composition)}$ plot at temp...

Given that k is the first order reaction rate constant and T is the temperature in absolute scale, the temperature dependence of rate constant is/are represented by.

$10$ kg of water at $300$ K is poured into a bucket containing $10$ kg of water at $350$ K . Heat capacity of water is $4.2 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}$. K . Neglecting an...

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}Q.44 & \begin{tabular}{l}In age-hardening of an aluminium alloy, the purpose of solution treatment \\followed by quenching is to\end{tabular} \\\hli...

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\hline Q. 56 & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\begin{tabular}{l}TTT diagram of a eutectoid steel is shown below. Match the heat treatment cycle (ir \\Column...

Q. 96 Air at $400 \mathrm{~K}$ and $200 \mathrm{kPa}$ is heated at constant pressure to $600 \mathrm{~K}$. Assuming that the internal energy is a function of temperature ...

For a binary system at constant pressure, there are two types of invariant reactions:(i) $\quad \alpha \leftrightarrow \beta+\gamma$(ii) $\quad \alpha+\beta \leftrightarr...

For a glass marginally below its glass transition temperature, which one of the following statements is true?Glass has higher enthalpy than both the corresponding crystal...

During the ageing of a homogenized Al-Cu alloy $(1 \text{to} 4$ $\mathrm{wt} \% \mathrm{Cu})$ below the GP zone solvus, hardness of the alloy:increases monotonicallydecre...

For a diffusional transformation $\text{(i.e., growth of $\beta$ precipitates in an $\alpha$ matrix)}$, which of the following is/are true with increasing degree of under...