Recent questions in Thermodynamics

 The plot shows three different paths ($1,2,$ and $3$) connecting the initial equilibrium state $\text{X}$ to the final equilibrium state $\text{Y}$ in a thermodynamic pr...

Match the Thermodynamic laws in Column $\text{I}$ with the description given in Column $\text{II}$${\text{Column I}}$${\text{Column II}}$$\text{P}$Zeroth law$1$Entropy of...

Consider any substance whose mass specific heat capacity at constant pressure and mass specific heat capacity at constant volume are $c_{P}$ and $c_{V}$, respectively. If...

Consider a mixture of ideal gases, nitrogen $\left(\mathrm{N}_{2}\right)$ and carbon-dioxide $\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)$, at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $101$ $\mathrm...

In a mixing chamber hot water enters at a temperature of $80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ with a flowrate of $0.5 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}$. From another entry, cold water enters...

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT?For an ideal gas, specific enthalpy ( $h$ ) is a function of both temperature and pressure.Internal energy $(U)$, entropy...

A mixture of carbon-dioxide ( $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ), nitrogen ( $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ ) and oxygen ( $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ ) are introduced in a rigid and impermeable tank containing...

Which of the following is/are example(s) of a pure substance at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{~C}$ and $101$ $\mathrm{kPa}$?Gaseous oxygenMixture of liquid water and water vaporMix...

A house looses heat at a rate of $150$ $\mathrm{MJ}$ per hour. The temperature outside the house is $-3{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The minimum power (in $\mathrm{kW}$) requi...

Consider an ideal Otto-cycle with cold-air-standard assumptions to be applicable. The temperature of the working fluid at the start and the end of the compression process...

Consider a real gas, which obeys the following equation-of-state:$$v=\dfrac{R T}{P}+C_{1}-\dfrac{C_{2}}{P v},$$where $v$ is the mass specific volume, $P$ is the pressure,...

$M \mathrm{~kg}$ of a liquid at a temperature $T_{1}$ is mixed with $M \mathrm{~kg}$ of the same liquid at another temperature $T_{2}$ in an isolated tank at constant pre...

A fluid undergoes a process where its pressure $(P)$, temperature $(T)$ and volume $(V)$ changes from $\left(P_{1}, T_{1}, V_{1}\right)$ to $\left(P_{2}, T_{2}, V_{2}\rig...

Consider an ideal Rankine cycle with fixed conditions at the turbine inlet. If the condenser pressure is lowered, which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?Pump wo...

 An adiabatic rigid and impermeable tank of volume $10 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ contains air at $800$ $\mathrm{kPa}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The air is allowed to leave the ...

 Two $\mathrm{kg}$ of a gas is compressed in a process. Pressure $(P)$ and mass specific volume $(v)$ of the gas during the process follows: $P v^{1.2}=$ constant. The te...

 It is given that: $\left(\dfrac{\partial h}{\partial T}\right)_{P}=c_{p}$ and $\left(\dfrac{\partial h}{\partial P}\right)_{T}=(v-\beta T v)$. Here $h$ is the mass speci...

Consider an ideal Diesel-cycle with cold-air-standard assumptions to be applicable. The compression ratio is $20$ and the cut-off ratio is $1.8$. At the end of the compre...

A mixture of helium $\text{(He)}$ and nitrogen ($\mathrm{N}_{2}$) expands in a turbine from $800$ $\mathrm{kPa}$ to $100$ $\mathrm{kPa}$. The mixture composition is $40\%...

A rigid and impermeable tank has only moist air with a specific humidity of $0.025 \mathrm{~kg}_{\text {water-vapor }} / \mathrm{kg}_{\text{dry-air}}$ at $30^{\circ} \mat...

For a fixed thermal output, which one of the following is the major advantage offered by a concentrated collector over a flat plate collector?Utilization of diffuse solar...

The standard free energy change for the reaction, $\mathrm{SO}_{2}+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{SO}_{3}$ at equilibrium is given by $\Delta \text...

​​​A tank is divided into two compartments with one compartment containing a gas at a given pressure, while the second is completely evacuated. If the partition is remove...

​​​​​​A cylinder of volume $0.1 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ is filled with nitrogen at $10 \: \mathrm{MPa}$ and $300 \: \mathrm{K}$. Consider nitrogen to be an ideal gas. The cylind...

​​​​A closed system undergoes a process $1-2$ in which it absorbs $150 \: \mathrm{kJ}$ of energy as heat and does $90 \: \mathrm{kJ}$ of work. Then it follows another pro...

​​​The inlet and outlet temperatures of the flowing fluid during a steady state flow process are the same as that of the surroundings. If the changes in kinetic and poten...

​​​​​If $\gamma$ refers to the ratio of specific heats, the air-standard efficiency of an Otto cycle is$1-\frac{1}{(\text { Compression ratio })^{\gamma}}$$1-\frac{1}{(\t...

​​​​​Let $T_{H}$ and $T_{L}$ denote the absolute temperatures of high and low temperature reservoirs, respectively. The coefficient of performance of a reversible refrige...

A heat engine having thermal efficiency of $40 \%$ receives heat from a source at $600 \: \mathrm{K}$ and rejects heat to a sink at $300 \: \mathrm{K}$. The second-law ef...

A rigid tank of $300 \: \mathrm{litre}$ capacity contains $3 \: \mathrm{kg}$ of oxygen (molar mass $=32 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{kmol}$ ) at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. If oxy...

​​​​For an ideal gas turbine cycle, $T_{1}$ and $T_{3}$ are the compressor inlet temperature and turbine inlet temperature respectively. The ratio $\frac{T_{3}}{T_{1}}$ i...

​​​​For a pure substance that expands on freezing, which of the following statement(s) is/are $\textsf{CORRECT}$?Temperature of the liquid phase can be lower than the tem...

​​​​Consider a gas obeying the relation $P(v-b)=R T$, where $b$ and $R$ are constants. Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT about the specific heat capacity...

A piston-cylinder arrangement contains an ideal gas mixture of $4 \: \mathrm{kg}$ of hydrogen and $13 \: \mathrm{kg}$ of nitrogen at $250 \: \mathrm{K}$ and atmospheric p...

Air in an ideal Diesel cycle is compressed from $3 \: \mathrm{litre}$ to $0.15 \: \mathrm{litre}$. It then expands during a constant pressure heat addition process to $0....

A stream of superheated steam ( $2 \mathrm{MPa}, \: 300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$) mixes with another stream of superheated steam $\left(2 \mathrm{MPa}, \: 400^{\circ} \mathrm{...

A piston-cylinder assembly having $250 \: \mathrm{mm}$ diameter contains $0.01 \: \mathrm{kg}$ of water vapor at $1 \: \mathrm{MPa}$ and $200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The spe...

Air enters a hair dryer at $22^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $100 \: \mathrm{kPa}$ with a velocity of $3.7 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$, and leaves the dryer at $83{ }^{\circ} \ma...

A steam boiler contains saturated water vapour at $200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. After a certain period, the temperature of the boiler drops to $110^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Assum...

Two Carnot heat engines ($\text{E1}$ and $\text{E2}$) are operating in series as shown in figure. Engine $\text{E1}$ receives heat from a reservoir at $T_{H}=1600 \mathrm...