Recent questions tagged thermodynamics-kinetics-and-phase-transformations

For chemical vapour deposition $\text{(CVD)}$ process, which of the following statements is/are correct?Target material is stripped off by the bombardment of positive ion...

A heat source at temperature $T_{H}$ transfers the same amount of heat to a sink under the following situations:Case A: Sink is at temperature $T_{L, 1}$Case B: Sink is a...

Given $v$ is the molar specific volume, $P$ is the pressure, $T$ is the temperature, $R$ is the Universal gas constant, and $a, b$ are van der Waal's constants.The van de...

The figure shows four different processes labeled $1,2,3$, and $4$ for the same closed system containing an ideal gas. The curves labeled $T_{1}, T_{2}$, and $T_{3}$ are ...

Two rigid, impermeable containers $A$ and $B$ are filled with an ideal gas. They are allowed to exchange heat only with each other and not with the surroundings. $P, V, N...

In a graph with Helmholtz function on the $y$-axis and volume on the $x$-axis, the slope of the isothermal curves for a finite volume system containing an ideal gas isalw...

$10$ kg of water at $300$ K is poured into a bucket containing $10$ kg of water at $350$ K . Heat capacity of water is $4.2 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}$. K . Neglecting an...

A Carnot engine operates between two temperatures $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ such that $T_{1}>T_{2}$. If the thermal efficiency of the engine is to be increased by changing one ...

The equation of state for a non-ideal gas is\[\frac{P v}{R T}=1+B P\]where $P$ is pressure, $v$ is specific volume, $R$ is the specific gas constant, $T$ is temperature, ...

The melting point of a substance at $1$ bar is $273$ K . The following property data is available for this substance at $1$ bar.Density of the solid phase$900 \mathrm{~kg...

Air $\text{(assumed as an ideal gas)}$ with a mass flow rate of $2.5 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}$ enters a horizontal nozzle at $350 \mathrm{~K}, 350 \mathrm{kPa}$ with a v...

$100$ moles of moist air at $70 \%$ relative humidity is cooled from $70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ at a constant pressure of $1$ bar . The vapour pre...

A rigid insulated tank containing an ideal gas at $300$ K and $1$ bar is being filled from an external pressurized line supplying the same gas at $300$ K and $10$ bar. Wh...

A piston-cylinder system contains $2$ kg of wet steam at $90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ with quality of $0.1$. The piston is loaded with a linear spring. The steam expands to $8...

Melting phenomenon in a semi-crystalline polymer is a __________ order phase transition.zerothfirstsecondthird

Thermoforming operation of semi-crystalline polymers with glass transition temperature, $T_{g}$, and melting temperature, $T_{m}$, is carried out at a temperature $T$, in...

Thermal resistance constant ( $z$-value) is defined as the change in temperature required to reduce the decimal reduction time of a microorganism by _________ percent $\t...

Net solar radiation of $1360 \mathrm{~W} \mathrm{~m}^{-2}$ is incident on the surface of a still lake having mixed layer depth of $20$ m. Find the change in temperature $...

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}Q.44 & \begin{tabular}{l}In age-hardening of an aluminium alloy, the purpose of solution treatment \\followed by quenching is to\end{tabular} \\\hli...

Q. 51 A metal has a certain vacancy fraction at a temperature of $600 \mathrm{~K}$. On increasing the temperature to $900 \mathrm{~K}$, the vacancy fraction increases by ...